Erection of a block of 20 light industrial units

Efficient use of land and resources

Strategic Policy 1: Development should make the best use of resources by: (a) optimising the use of previously developed land, redundant buildings, unused and under -used land and buildings, and re - using scarce indigenous building materials; (b) ensuring efficient use of sites, taking into account the needs for access, landscaping, open space (1) and amenity standards; and (c) being located so as to utilise existing and planned infrastructure, facilities and services. 4.2.2 In pursuance of (c) abo ve, the Department will, when formulating its programme for the preparation of new Area Plans, have particular regard to: (a) the availability of mains drainage connected to IRIS or other mains systems; (b) securing the future viability of rural primary schools; (c) the public investment in the Island's highway, bus, railway and tramway networks; (d) the provision and availability of water; and (e) community facilities. 4.3 Environment 4.3.1

Priority for new development to identified towns and villages

Strategic Policy 2: New development will be located primarily within our existing towns and villages, or, where appropriate, in sustainable urban extensions(2) of these towns and villages. Development will be permitted in the countryside only in the exceptional circumstances identified in paragraph 6.3. (1) Open Space is defined in Appendix 1. (2) Sustainable Urban Extensions are defined in Appendix 1 4.3.2 Appendix 3 to the Plan identifies the towns and villages, and also explains why the Department has rejected the idea of a new settlement, which was mooted in the Consultation Draft published in May 2000. 4.3.3 Each of our towns and villages has an ind ividual character arising not only from its geographical position and existing fabric, but also from its historical, cultural, and social background. This character should be protected and enhanced. Accordingly:

To respect the character of our towns and villages

Strategic Policy 3: Proposals for development must ensure that the individual character of our towns and villages is protected or enhanced by: (a) avoiding coalescence and maintaining adequate physical separation between settlements; and (b) having regard in the design of new development to th e use of local materials and character. 4.3.4 Most of our built heritage, our countryside, our coastline and our natural environment is of attraction, value and interest. Surveys commissioned by Government on the quality of life and the importance of heritage in the Isle of Man and internationally, have consistently shown that the historic landscape setting of the Isle of Man scores as t he single most significant factor for residents and visitors in supporting the concept of a specific and positive Manx identity. This "heritage identity" is a result of the combination of a rich diversity of historic sites and monuments, historic building s and residential settlements and a specific range of natural history attributes set within a predominantly rural landscape setting which links modern life to a sense of historic legacy and beauty, the retention of which is strongly supported by Government and the resident community. 4.3.5 The landscapes of the Island are very varied, and their nature and variety is the consequence of thousands of years of interaction between the natural and cultural aspects of the Island through human activity within the enviro nment and an innate respect for the natural and historic qualities they represent. 4.3.6 This landscape heritage is more than simply the sum of its parts. The combination of geology, geomorphology, wildlife, archaeology, history, traditional buildings and the natural settings for traditional activities and customs, combine in the rural and built environment to provide an inseparable element of "Manxness". It provides an overarching context which makes the landscapes of the Isle of Man unique and gives them the value which is acknowledged by those who live here and those who visit. The protection and promotion of this element within Manx society is an important element in central Government policy and the Strategic Plan, which both support the view that these v alued characteristics of the Isle of Man be acknowledged and protected for the future from inappropriate development. 4.3.7 This protection will apply to areas of heritage value, to sites of heritage value and to general traditional landscape settings within the Island which are deemed to contribute to the sense of the Island's heritage identity. Heritage landscape value will therefore be a consideration in all aspects of planning, with a view to retaining and enhancing this value wherever possible.

Protection of built heritage and landscape conservation

Strategic Policy 4: Proposals for development must: (a) Protect or enhance the fabric and setting of Ancient Monuments, Registered Buildings (1), Conservation Areas (2), buildings and structures within National Heritage Areas and sites of archaeological interest; (b) protect or enhance the landscape quality and nature conservation value of urban as well as rural areas but especially in respect to development adjacent to Areas of Special Scientific Interest and other designations; and (c) not cause or lead to unacceptable environmental pollution or disturbance. 4.3.8 The design of new development can make a positive contribution to the character and appearance of the Island. Recent development has often been criticised for its similarity to developments across the Island and elsewhere - "anywhere" architecture. At the same time some criticise current practice to retain traditional or vernacular designs. As is often the case the truth lies somewhere between the two extremes. All too often proposals for new developments have not taken into account a proper analysis of their context in terms of siting, layout, scale, materials and other factors. At the same time a slavish following of past design idioms, evolved for earlier lifestyles can produce buildings which do not reflect twenty first century lifestyles including accessibility and energy conservation. While there is often a consensus about what constitutes good and poor design, it is notoriously difficult to define or prescribe. 4.3.9 The Department recognises the need to raise the quality of the Island's architecture and built environment and is pursuing this through the development control process and the commissioning of its own schemes and environmental improvements. At the same ti me it appreciates that the debate about good design needs to be broadened to include those who design, construct and finance new development and the wider community as we are all affected by the end product. To this end it welcomes the Isle of Man Arts Co uncil's National Arts Development Strategy 2005 - 2014 which has as one of its objectives, to raise the quality of the Island's architecture and built environment by encouraging debate on architectural standards, town and country planning, urban regenerati on and public art. This Strategy recognises that debate will have to take place over time. 4.3.10 In the meantime, the Department considers that, while there are a number of policies in the Strategic Plan which cover various elements of the design of new development e.g. General Policy 2 (a) -(i), ( m) and (n), and various Housing policies, there is a need for a further statement on the need to secure quality in the design of new development. In the preparation of Area Plans the Department will include development briefs that set out design principles for significant sites including new residential areas. Subsequent planning applications will be required to be accompanied by a Design Statement setting out the way in which the proposal has been designed to take into account its context and how the design principles have been developed. 4.3.11 At the same time as wishing to promote good design in new development the Department recognises that there are an increasing number of alternative styles of housing which draw their design principles from the wish to promote sustainability and energy efficiency. Many of these can be incorporated into both modern and traditional designs but in some cases they produce a completely different structure or form of buildings, for exa mple underground (1)Registered Building is defined in Appendix 1 (2) Conservation Area is defined in Appendix 1 housing. While wishing to conserve the historic landscape of the Island the Department welcomes new styles of housing as long as they take into account the landscape context and the impact on the amenities of the area in which they are si ted. Merely arguing that a new building cannot be seen in public views is not a justification for the relaxation of other policies relating to the location of new development.

Design and visual impact

Strategic Policy 5: New development, including individual buildings, should be designed so as to make a positive contribution to the environment of the Island. In appropriate cases the Department will require planning applications to be supported by a Design Statement which will be required to take account of the Strategic Aim and Policies. 4.4 Economy 4.4.1 The Spatial Strategy identifies the Major Employment Areas around the Island. While the majority of business and employment is focused around the Douglas Metropolitan Area, there are other major employment areas at Castletown, the Airport/Freeport, Peel, Ramsey and Jurby. The Department considers the distribution of employment areas provides a spread of employment opportunities around the Island. While recognising the opportunities for small scale local employment within existing centres it is considered new employment should, in the main, be concentrated within existing settlements or those major employment areas referred to in the Island Spatial Strategy and illustrated on the Key Diagram. Existing Local and new Area Plans will provide detailed boundar ies for these areas. From time to time Government may judge it appropriate to offer financial incentives to encourage economic activity or investment in particular parts of the Island.

Undeveloped land which is zoned in Local or Area Plans for industrial, office, or retail purposes will be retained and protected for such uses

Spatial Policy 7: In accordance with Strategic Policy 3 Area Plans will assess the need for Green Gaps(1) between settlements so as to avoid coalescence. (1) Green Gap is defined in Appendix 1 This page has been left intentionally blank. This page has been left intentionally blank. CHAPTER 6 GENERAL DEVELOPMENT CONSIDERATIONS CONTENTS 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Development within land-use zones 6.3 Development outside of areas zoned for development 6.4 Planning Agreements 6.5 Enforcement 6.6 Advertisements 6.7 Public Art CHAPTER 6 GENERAL DEVELOPMENT CONSIDERATIONS 6.1 Introduction 6.1.1 The Development Plan will make positive land-use allocations and provision through its policies such as to meet the Island's foreseen development needs for the period 2001 -2016. It will therefore provide the basis on which development control decisions are made during this period. 6.1.2

New development should be located and designed such as to promote a more integrated transport network

Strategic Policy 10: New development should be located and designed such as to promote a more integrated transport network with the aim to: (a) minimise journeys, especially by private car; (b) make best use of public transport; (c) not adversely affect highway safety for all users, and (d) encourage pedestrian movement (1) Business Park is defined in Appendix 1 4.6 Social 4.6.1 The provision of an adequate supply of housing to meet the needs of the wider community is essential; this is in addition to the need to replace existing substandard or poor quality dwellings. Therefore;

Building in defined settlements or GP3

Foxdale is identified as a Service Village which seeks to maintain and where appropriate increase employment opportunities

General Development Considerations

General Policy 2: Development which is in accordance with the land-use zoning and proposals in the appropriate Area Plan and with other policies of this Strategic Plan will normally be permitted, provided that the development: (a) is in accordance with the design brief in the Area Plan where there is such a brief; (b) respects the site and surroundings in terms of the siting, layout, scale, form, design and landscaping of buildings and the spaces around them; (c) does not affect adversely the character of the surrounding landscape or townscape; (d) does not adversely affect the protected wildlife or locally important habitats on the site or adjacent land, including water courses; (e) does not affect adversely public views of the sea; (f) incorporates where possible existing topography and landscape features, particularly trees and sod banks; (g) does not affect adversely the amenity of local residents or the character of the locality; (h) provides satisfactory amenity standards in itself, including where appropriate safe and convenient access for all highway users, together with adequate parking, servicing and manoeuvring space; (i) does not have an unacceptable effect on road safety or traffic flows on the local highways; (j) can be provided with all necessary services; (k) does not prejudice the use or development of adjoining land in accordance with the appropriate Area Plan; (l) is not on contaminated land or subject to unreasonable risk of erosion or flooding; (m) takes account of community and personal safety and security in the design of buildings and the spaces around them; and (n) is designed having due regard to best practice in reducing energy consumption. 6.3 Development outside of areas zoned for development

Wildlife and Nature Conservation

uch as this, the breaks in the urban fabric and the features of nature which provide a sense of openness should be protected from development which would erode this (see Maps 3 and 10). Natural Environment Proposal 4 (Green Gap) Between the settlements of Glen Vine and Crosby, development which would erode the separation and detract from the openness between the settlements is unlikely to be supported. Douglas, Union Mills and Strang (see Maps 3, 4 and 8) Natural Environment Proposal 5 (Green Gap) Between the settlements of and Douglas, Union Mills and Strang, development which would erode the separation and detract from the openness between the settlements is unlikely to be supported. The Upland Environment The Manx Uplands are an iconic part of our landscape and heritage. Reference to the 'sweet mountain air' and 'green hills and rocks' are enshrined in our national anthem and the colours of the heather and gorse are woven into the very fabric of Manx tartan. The hills are a place of great beauty, yet for some they are also a place to work and for others a place to exercise or simply enjoy open space. Our Uplands are also home to plants and animals that whilst familiar to us, are rare and impor tant in a global and European context. Furthermore, the uplands are a rich repository of cultural and archaeological remains, which are sensitive to change and can easily be damaged by inappropriate development. Production of food is an important and obvi ous function of hill land. But surprisingly, the Manx hills provide everyday functions that most people take for granted. Peatlands, which cover most of our hills reduce the impacts of climate change by locking up carbon dioxide, collect and filter our drinking water and slow the passage of rainfall into streams and rivers, thus reducing downstream flood risk. These multiple uses are of great benefit to the economy of the Isle of Man and the well - being of its people. It is important that the hills continue to provide these benefits long into the future. Ensuring sustainable management of such a wide range of uses to the satisfaction of all interested parties whilst retaining functions essential to the well -being of the Isle of Man is of paramount importance. The Isle of Man Government is the owner and landlord for the majority of the Uplands in the East region and is therefore in a position to implement policy which will deliver the optimum range of ecosystem services. Appropriate and positive Upland management such as controlled rotational burning/cutting of heather and low intensity grazing helps to reduce the fuel load of the hill, provides firebreaks and reduces the risk of unplanned wildfires that further protects the biodiversity of the site, but also the vast amounts of carbon locked away in the peat soils. The majority of this work is carried out by The Department of Environment, Food & Agriculture's grazing and shooting tenants. The Manx Uplands are critically important from a habitat and biodiversity perspective. The hills in the East support a significant number of breeding hen harriers; however, other native Upland breeding birds such as curlew and red grouse have suffered severe declines in recent decades and as such are of high conservation concern. Strict control of access and recreational activity on vulnerable soils should be implemented to reduce soil erosion and subsequent carbon loss. Curlew and hen harriers are recognised as an internationally important species, while (within the EU) upland heather moorland is designated as a priority habitat. In order to ensure protection and positive management of the Uplands, the following proposal is appropriate: Environment Proposal 6 Uses of the Uplands that contribute to the management and preservation of this distinctive environment will be supported. Dark Skies On the Isle of Man, 26 Dark Sky Discovery Sites have been identified, of which nine are located in the East. They are classified as Milky Way Sites meaning that at these sites the Milky Way is visible to the naked eye. The sites are accessible and light pollution is limited. The following Dark Sky Discovery Sites are located within the East: • Port Soderick Upper Car Park • Port Soderick Brooghs, Little Ness Car Park • Mount Murray Golf Club • Onchan Park • West Baldwin Reservoir Car Park • Clypse Kerrowdhoo Reservoir Car Park • Conrhenny Car Park • Ballanette Nature Reserve • Axnfell Plantation Natural Environment Proposal 7 Proposals for development in the vicinity of Dark Sky Discovery Sites are to have minimal outdoor lighting and be encouraged to have a design response which is non-intrusive into the darkness of night. Baffling and directionality of lighting must be sensitive to contain any necessary lighting within a subject site only. Watercourses and Wetlands The collection of hills in the East has produced a network of mountain streams which gradually join and widen to become the rivers flowing out into Douglas Bay, Port Groudle a

Ecological Impacts

velopment which would erode the separation and detract from the openness between the settlements is unlikely to be supported. Douglas, Union Mills and Strang (see Maps 3, 4 and 8) Natural Environment Proposal 5 (Green Gap) Between the settlements of and Douglas, Union Mills and Strang, development which would erode the separation and detract from the openness between the settlements is unlikely to be supported. The Upland Environment The Manx Uplands are an iconic part of our landscape and heritage. Reference to the 'sweet mountain air' and 'green hills and rocks' are enshrined in our national anthem and the colours of the heather and gorse are woven into the very fabric of Manx tartan. The hills are a place of great beauty, yet for some they are also a place to work and for others a place to exercise or simply enjoy open space. Our Uplands are also home to plants and animals that whilst familiar to us, are rare and impor tant in a global and European context. Furthermore, the uplands are a rich repository of cultural and archaeological remains, which are sensitive to change and can easily be damaged by inappropriate development. Production of food is an important and obvi ous function of hill land. But surprisingly, the Manx hills provide everyday functions that most people take for granted. Peatlands, which cover most of our hills reduce the impacts of climate change by locking up carbon dioxide, collect and filter our drinking water and slow the passage of rainfall into streams and rivers, thus reducing downstream flood risk. These multiple uses are of great benefit to the economy of the Isle of Man and the well - being of its people. It is important that the hills continue to provide these benefits long into the future. Ensuring sustainable management of such a wide range of uses to the satisfaction of all interested parties whilst retaining functions essential to the well -being of the Isle of Man is of paramount importance. The Isle of Man Government is the owner and landlord for the majority of the Uplands in the East region and is therefore in a position to implement policy which will deliver the optimum range of ecosystem services. Appropriate and positive Upland management such as controlled rotational burning/cutting of heather and low intensity grazing helps to reduce the fuel load of the hill, provides firebreaks and reduces the risk of unplanned wildfires that further protects the biodiversity of the site, but also the vast amounts of carbon locked away in the peat soils. The majority of this work is carried out by The Department of Environment, Food & Agriculture's grazing and shooting tenants. The Manx Uplands are critically important from a habitat and biodiversity perspective. The hills in the East support a significant number of breeding hen harriers; however, other native Upland breeding birds such as curlew and red grouse have suffered severe declines in recent decades and as such are of high conservation concern. Strict control of access and recreational activity on vulnerable soils should be implemented to reduce soil erosion and subsequent carbon loss. Curlew and hen harriers are recognised as an internationally important species, while (within the EU) upland heather moorland is designated as a priority habitat. In order to ensure protection and positive management of the Uplands, the following proposal is appropriate: Environment Proposal 6 Uses of the Uplands that contribute to the management and preservation of this distinctive environment will be supported. Dark Skies On the Isle of Man, 26 Dark Sky Discovery Sites have been identified, of which nine are located in the East. They are classified as Milky Way Sites meaning that at these sites the Milky Way is visible to the naked eye. The sites are accessible and light pollution is limited. The following Dark Sky Discovery Sites are located within the East: • Port Soderick Upper Car Park • Port Soderick Brooghs, Little Ness Car Park • Mount Murray Golf Club • Onchan Park • West Baldwin Reservoir Car Park • Clypse Kerrowdhoo Reservoir Car Park • Conrhenny Car Park • Ballanette Nature Reserve • Axnfell Plantation Natural Environment Proposal 7 Proposals for development in the vicinity of Dark Sky Discovery Sites are to have minimal outdoor lighting and be encouraged to have a design response which is non-intrusive into the darkness of night. Baffling and directionality of lighting must be sensitive to contain any necessary lighting within a subject site only. Watercourses and Wetlands The collection of hills in the East has produced a network of mountain streams which gradually join and widen to become the rivers flowing out into Douglas Bay, Port Groudle and Laxey Bay. Several of these rivers fro m the natural boundaries between the Eastern Parishes. A non-exhaustive list of streams and rivers in the East includes: Crammag River Injebreck River Creg-y-Cowin River West Baldwin River Awin Ny Darragh Baldwin River River Glass

Protection of watercourses

• Mount Murray Golf Club • Onchan Park • West Baldwin Reservoir Car Park • Clypse Kerrowdhoo Reservoir Car Park • Conrhenny Car Park • Ballanette Nature Reserve • Axnfell Plantation Natural Environment Proposal 7 Proposals for development in the vicinity of Dark Sky Discovery Sites are to have minimal outdoor lighting and be encouraged to have a design response which is non-intrusive into the darkness of night. Baffling and directionality of lighting must be sensitive to contain any necessary lighting within a subject site only. Watercourses and Wetlands The collection of hills in the East has produced a network of mountain streams which gradually join and widen to become the rivers flowing out into Douglas Bay, Port Groudle and Laxey Bay. Several of these rivers fro m the natural boundaries between the Eastern Parishes. A non-exhaustive list of streams and rivers in the East includes: Crammag River Injebreck River Creg-y-Cowin River West Baldwin River Awin Ny Darragh Baldwin River River Glass Greeba River River Dhoo Santon Burn Crogga River Middle River Laxey River Glenroy River Groudle River Ballacottier River River Douglas It is likely that these streams and rivers, similar to most of the Island's watercourses, support populations of European Eels - classified by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as Critically Endangered - and Brown Trout. Most rivers with good fish passage from the sea, including the Dhoo, Glass, Laxey and Santon Burn, contain populations of salmon and sea trout. The Dhoo and Glass are known also to support populations of brook (and possibly river) lamprey. Many of the tributary streams to the major rivers, although small, provide valuable additional spawning and nursery areas for salmonids and lampreys. There are four reservoirs in the East: Eairy Dam, Injebreck, Clypse and Kerrowdhoo. The proposals in this plan for additional housing in the East are likely to have an impact on the water levels in these reservoirs and consequently on the compensation flows within the downstream rivers. DEFA reports that i n recent years there has been evidence of low summer flow below Injebreck reservoir in the River Glass. It is suggested that any reduction in flow in the River Glass could have consequences for the ecology of the river, including fish populations. DEFA has highlighted evidence that artificial light from new housing close to rivers may have a detrimental impact on migratory salmonids. The reservoirs in the East are home to wild brown trout and Injebreck, Clypse and Kerrowdhoo are stocked with rainbow trout for visiting anglers. This Plan recognises that the economic value of the recreational fishing industry depends both on healthy fish stocks and high recreation and visual amenity. The ecological services provided by the Island's watercourses and wetlands are considerable, including carbon storage and natural flood mitigation. An undeveloped corridor of land between the river bank (measured from the edge of th e river channel) and any riverside development is required to allow for natural changes in the position of the river channel, as well as in water levels . The natural vegetation and physical structure of a river bank also provides a wildlife corridor for non-aquatic species. Natural Environment Proposal 8 Proposals for new development in the Plan Area which intend a connection to the Injebreck Reservoir for its water supply must demonstrate that as a consequence of this new development, water levels will n ot be so affected as to have a detrimental effect on normal flows. Natural Environment Recommendation 2 It is recommended that ahead of making any applications for development close to the reservoirs, watercourses and wetlands in the East, applicants must discuss such proposals with DEFA to establish the need for specific design elements to be taken into account . This may include : the impact of artificial light from the development on migratory fish species, buffer distances from the river bank and visual amenity. Marine Protected Areas and Marine Conservation Zones Increased efforts are being made to protect the health and biodiversity of the marine environment as well as the economic and social benefits which effective management of marine resources brings. Marine protected areas are areas of the sea that are protected from fishing and other impacts, with the aim of restoring habitats and supporting sustainable fisheries. The Isle of Man currently has ten Marine Protected Areas around our coast, encompassing 10.4% of Manx waters. One of these is the Sea Fisheries Restricted Area at Laxey Bay which was established in 2009 with the intention of enh ancing the scallop stock and later seeded with juvenile scallops. In 2008 , Douglas Bay closed to mobile fishing gear. Its current status is as a Marine Conservation Zone, though there is an intention to designate the Bay as a Marine Nature Reserve. Marine Nature Reserves are designated to conserve their flora,

Flood Risk Assessments

irements of the relevant gas supply agency. Flood Risk 63 There was widespread concern about the adequacy of drainage and the risk of flooding, particularly in parts of Braddan, Onchan and Laxey. Environment Policy 10 of the Strategic Plan indicates that where development is proposed on any site where there is a potential risk of flooding, the prospective developer will be required to submit a flood risk assessment, together with details of proposed mitigation measures. This approach is reinforced in Utilities Proposal 6 of the draft Area Plan, which (among other things) requires the incorporation of Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) into new developments, to attenuate the rate of surface water run-off. I consider these policies to be reasonable. Clearly, without adequate mitigation measures, new building should normally be resisted on land which is at serious risk of flooding, or where the proposed development would increase the flood risk elsewhere. 64 In my view, the format of Utilities Proposal 6 could be improved. First, as a Proposal of the Area Plan, I consider that it should be in a bold typeface, to differentiate it from the supporting text. (The same applies to a number of other policies e.g. Transport Policy 2, and Utilities Policies 2 and 5). Second, there appears to be an error of syntax at the start of the second sentence of Utilities Proposal 6, which should perhaps read 'Strategies to achieve this will include …'. Third, the third bullet point of this Proposal introduces SuDS. Subsequent bullet points describe features of SuDS, and are therefore subordinate to the third bullet point. For clarity, I consider that they should be indented. I recommend that the draft Area Plan be modified accordingly. Sewage Treatment 65 There was also some public concern about the adequacy of the sewerage system, both in terms of its capacity to accommodate the effluent from proposed residential development areas, and in terms of the current practice of discharging untreated sewage into the sea. Infrastructure Policy 1 of the Strategic Plan indicates that developments entailing the erection of multiple dwellings should take place only on sites that will ultimately be connected to the IRIS system, which takes sewage to a treatment works at Meary Veg. (IRIS is an acronym for Integration and Recycling of the Island's Sewage). However, as long ago as 2006/7, a review was undertaken to decide whether to continue with the IRIS strategy. This concluded that it would be beneficial to adopt a regional sewage treatment strategy (RSTS) for those settlements that were not already connected to the IRIS system, including Laxey, Baldrine and settlements in the Central Valley. To that extent, Infrastructure Policy 1 of the Strategic Plan is now out of date. 66 I understand that a planning application will soon be submitted for the development of a local sewage treatment facility for Laxey. Feasibility studies for the provision of a similar facility to serve Baldrine are ongoing. A replacement sewage works at Ballagarey, serving part of the Central Valley became operational in 2018. However, capacity limitations mean that planned development in Crosby is likely to have to rely on standalone sewage treatment for the time being, until the existing treatment works is replaced as anticipated in 2022. The Programme for Government (2016-2021) indicates an intention to complete the regional sewage treatment infrastructure within the lifetime of the present administration. 67 It seems to me that these considerations should be taken into account in the allocation and phasing of land for development. I will return to this matter when considering the draft Area Plan's proposals for housing. Electricity Renewable Energy 68 Peel Energy considered that the Area Plan should contain a detailed and specific chapter on renewable energy, providing measurable criteria against which applications for the development of renewable power generating facilities would be assessed. They cited the States of Jersey Island Plan 2011, which includes such material. And they pointed out that a Climate Change Emergency has recently been declared on the Isle of Man; that a Climate Change Bill is soon to be presented to Tynwald; and that there has been strong public support for the Government's Climate Change Mitigation Strategy. They argued that, in failing to provide detailed guidance on renewable power generation, the Area Plan was inconsistent with the Strategic Plan; and that since the Area Plan post-dated the Strategic Plan, its largely negative provisions would prevail. 69 Energy Policy 4 of the Strategic Plan applies to development proposals for renewable energy generated by wind, water, tidal or solar power. It indicates that any such proposals will be judged against that Plan's environmental objectives. Proposals for wind, water or tidal power would need to be supported by an Environmental Impact Assessment. The supporting text indicates that renewable energy schemes will be given similar scrutiny as is gi

No unacceptable risk of Flooding

Environment Policy 13: Development which would result in an unacceptable risk from flooding, either on or off-site, will not be permitted. 7.13. Agriculture 7.13.1. Agriculture is an integral and vital part of the rural economy and rural society and to a great degree is responsible for the appearance and stewardship of the countryside. The Island's farms not only provide the community with a healthy proportion of meat and vegetable produce but also provide employment opportunities. It is important to sustain agric ultural industry by safeguarding its prime resources, by allowing appropriately designed and sited new buildings (where need is established) and by encouraging conservation -based land management regimes (including appropriate tree and shrub planting). Howe ver, this must not be at the expense of the appearance and character or openness of the landscape, or result in the loss of traditional hedgerows and field boundaries or the loss of limited areas of good quality agricultural land. A recent study on agricultural soils on the Isle of Man (1) revealed that the majority of the agricultural land on the Island (80.26%) fell within Class 3, based on the land use capability class system in England and Wales (classes range from Class 1 to 5, with Class 1 being the mo st versatile land). Class 3 land characteristics can be summarised as land with moderate limitations which restrict the choice of crops and/or demand careful management. Only 4.87% of agricultural land falls within Classes 1 and 2. According to the agricultural land use capability map (figure 4 of the study), all of the Class 1/2 land of which Class 1 is the dominant class can be found in the south of the Island to the east of Ballasalla. New Area Plans will include a general presumption against the rel ease of Class 1 and 2 agricultural land for development. The highest level of protection will apply to the highest graded quality of land with Classes 1 and 2 soils being afforded most protection from development and being taken out of agricultural use. Where there is a proposal to develop land which is categorised in the Agricultural Soils of the Isle of Man report as being mixed Classes 2 and 3, those wishing to develop the land should ascertain which parts of the site represent higher grade of soil wi th these parts being avoided for development purposes. 7.13.2 One of the prime considerations in the determination of development proposals in the countryside will continue to be the conservation and enhancement of the landscape. In terms of the di versification of farms and farm buildings, there may be some circumstances where this may be appropriate and it is acknowledged that small scale enterprises can promote healthy economic activity in rural areas whether this be for commercial, industrial, tourism, sport or recreation uses. There is, however, a general presumption against the introduction of new uses into the countryside (including industrial or office uses): (a) for which there is no local need; (b) which would materially effect the rural character of an area; (c) which would necessitate the creation of new buildings; and (d) which would be more appropriate in industrial zones, business parks or within urban centres. 7.13.3 In recent years there has been increasing demand for new development and buildings in the countryside, particularly for new modern agricultural buildings. Such buildings can have, and in a number of areas already have had an adverse effect on the character and appearance of the landscape, particularly when sited in exposed locations away from building groups and on elevated land. It is important that new development should be compatible with the character of the surrounding area, and the need for n ew buildings in the countryside will be balanced against the harm that development may have on the particular environment within which it is proposed. In terms of new agricultural dwellings, permission will not be granted unless real agricultural need is demonstrated and will in every case be assessed in terms of need, sensitive siting, design, and size, and be subject to an agricultural occupancy condition. (1) Agricultural Soils of the Isle of Man, Harris et al, (Centre for Manx Studies) 2001 7.13.4 It is recognised that there have been considerable changes in the economy in the last twenty years. The number of people in full time agricultural employment has reduced for a number of reasons including increased mechanisation, reductions in the number of farms; and increases in the size of farm holdings. In many cases smaller farms have been amalgamated into larger units to increase economic viability. This has often been accompanied by the sale of former farmhouses and cottages to those who do not earn their employment in agriculture. At the same time there has been an increase in part time involvement in farming either where the income from agriculture is supplemented by other employment or where the person's main employment is not in agriculture but they farm on a part time basis. In considering the applications for new houses in the coun tryside the Department will give careful consideration to agriculture justification based on full time employment in agriculture. See also Section 8.9 in Chapter 8 - Housing.

Protection of amenities/environment from pollution

Environment Policy 22: Development will not be permitted where it would unacceptably harm the environment and/or the amenity of nearby properties in terms of: i) pollution of sea, surface water or groundwater; ii) emissions of airborne pollutants; and iii) vibration, odour, noise or light pollution. 7.17.2 In addition to the above, changes in the activities associated with the current permitted use of land or a building, which in themselves do not constitute development and therefore do not require planning permission, can have an adverse impact on adjacent properties by virtue of noise, light or general disturbance. For example the addition of security lig hting on a property may cause light pollution affecting adjacent properties and the wider area. The introduction of new activities into established parks and recreation areas can have an impact on neighbours. In such cases the Department would advocate t he person or organisation considering the change to give careful consideration to the potential impact of such activity in terms of location, siting and design.

Pollution-sensitive development

Environment Policy 24: Pollution-sensitive development will only be allowed to be located close to sources of pollution where appropriate measures can be taken to safeguard amenity. 7.20 Contaminated Land 7.20.1 Contaminated land on the Island is typically as a result of the legacy of past industrial and chemical land uses. Perhaps the most notable sites are land areas associated with former mining practices and it is not uncommon for such sites to be close to residential areas or watercourses which can be detrimentally affected by such contamination. Foxdale is a prime example of a former mining village, which largely specialised in lead mining during the 19 th Century under the control of the Isle of Man Mining Company, and physical evidence can still be found of important archaeological remains. A number of studies have revealed varying degrees of contamination across Higher Foxdale, much of which still requires reclamation from heavy metal contamination. It is recognised, however, that some of the former mining areas host a variety of rare plants which may have ecological value. (1) Environmental Impact Assessment: A Guide to Procedures. Department of the Environment Transport and the Regions (2000). 7.20.2 The practice of reclaiming contaminated land and bringing it back into beneficial use is supported, whether it be suitable in the end for open space or residential development or as deemed appropriate in the Area Plans. It is important that however former contaminated land is utilised, both health and property are safeguarded. Detailed surveys may be required to identify the extent of contamination and how contamination problems can be overcome. On sites where the Depar tment has no control, the developer will have responsibility to ensure that any development site is free of contamination which may constitute a hazard to occupiers or potential users of the development or land. Furthermore, precautions will be essential to ensure that contaminants cannot escape from the site which may cause airborne or waterborne pollution or pollution of nearby land.

No development on contaminated land unless it can be demonstrated that there is no unacceptable risk to health, property or adjacent watercourses

loped land is an important element in achieving regeneration and sustainable development objectives and to improve both the built and living environment. This is supported by paragraph 7.20.2 and Environment Policy 26 of the Strategic Plan. Development proposals on contaminated and/or unstable land, or where previous land use may indicate some level of contamination, must include an assessment of the extent of contamination and/or instability and any possible risks. Transport and Utilities Introduction This Chapter focuses on Transport (roads, public transport, cycleways, footpaths) and Utilities (energy, telecommunications, water supply, sewerage drainage and electricity). This Plan addresses infrastructure issues within distinct C hapters but it is impossible to plan for different kinds of infrastructure in isolation. The work undertaken to support this plan has included comprehensive site assessments looking at all aspects of development and needs in terms of supporting infrastructure, as well as scenario testing work which looked at broad development patterns and the implications on infrastructure as a whole. Issues relating to roads and utilities are often referred to as grey infrastructure and were discussed in the scenario testing work in these terms. Ahead of sections on ' area plan objectives' and 'area plan desired outcomes' in this Chapter, there is a brief discussion of two important long term infrastructure strategies which set the broad context for the preparation of the Area Plan for the East. This Plan incorporates the objectives of both the National Infrastructure Strategy and the Harbour Strategy and is in support of their desired aims. Strategic Plan Implementation - Transport and Utilities The Isle of Man Strategic Plan contains specific strategic policy in respect of transport and other grey infrastructure. The Chapters on Strategic Objectives and Strategic Policies state that development needs to: • optimise the use of previously developed land; • use sites efficiently; • utilise existing and planned infrastructure, facilities and services; • minimise journeys by private car, make best use of public transport, not adversely affect highway safety for all users, encourage pedestrian movement; • be located and designed to promote a more integrated transport network; • encourage the efficient use of energy; • safeguard the efficient operation of the Island's ports for fishing, commercial and leisure use without compromising environmental objectives; and be well served by modern telecommunications without compromising the protection of the landscape. The overall objective for these may be summed up as being to protect pub lic-benefiting utilities and other assets and enable the orderly provision and co -ordination of these and other facilities for the benefit of the community. Since the Strategic Plan 2016 was adopted, some changes have occurred relevant to the services and utilities - changes to titles of service authorities and suppliers and changes to strategies and service types and terms used to describe those types. None of these changes alter the intention of the policies in the Strategic Plan and are thus taken into account in this Area Plan as natural evolutions of business operations. All-Island Strategies National Infrastructure Strategy15 While the Area Plan for the East is a short to medium term document, the National Infrastructure Strategy (NIS) aims to ensure there is an integrated, reliable, secure and resilient provision of Island-wide infrastructure that meets the social and economic needs of the Island up to 2050. The document presents an audit of the Island's current infrastructure, sets out the available capacities for each key asset and identifies any known issues with supply. It then examines a number of factors which could impact on the future provision of the Island's infrastructure: the Island's population and age structure, the spatial distr ibution of development, the economic situation of the Island, climate change, technological change and the need to meet national and international obligations and regulations. Finally, consideration is given to the obsolescence of each of the Island's key assets. Key assets in the East identified in the document are: • Douglas and Laxey harbours • Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) facility at Pulrose and the Energy-from-Waste Facility at Richmond Hill • Gas pipeline for Glen Mooar to Pulrose Power Station • LPG stores in Douglas • The Douglas Water Treatment Works • West Baldwin, Clypse and Kerrowdhoo Reservoirs • Meary Veg sludge treatment facility The NIS Strategy identifies the following issues faced by specific assets: • Flood risk to the National Sports Centre, D ouglas Fire Station, Banks Circus bus depot, Douglas Railway Station, Pulrose Power Station and Pulrose Bridge after major flooding occurred in 2015; and • traffic congestion at Quarterbridge and Governor's Hill roundabouts. The Strategy concludes that the Island's key assets are currently ma

enhance the natural environment, including sites contaminated by former mine workings

Environment Policy 27: The Department will seek to enhance the natural environment, including sites contaminated by former mine workings, along with other Government Departments, local communities, the private sector and all appropriate agencies in order to ensure the appropriate reclamation, water management, planting of appropriate tree species, the management of special habitats including aquatic habitats and the removal of eyesores. 7.22 Unstable Land 7.22.1 The policy set out below aims to safeguard life and property from ground instability such as landslips and subsidence. Therefore, unless mitigating measures can be taken, development will not be permitted where it would be at risk from unstable land or increase the risk of ground instability elsewhere. 7.22.2 It may be necessary for a developer to undertake a specialist investigation and assessment to identify any remedial measures required to deal with ground instability. It may also be appropriate to carry out monitoring after the development has taken place. Ultimat ely it is the responsibility of the developer to ensure that land is safe and suitable for development. Whilst the Department will try to ensure that a development will not be put at unacceptable risk, the subsequent liability for safe development and sec ure occupancy of a site rests with the developer and / or landowner.

Development at risk from ground instability

Environment Policy 28: Development which would be at risk from ground instability or which would increase the risk from ground instability elsewhere will not be permitted unless approp riate precautions have been taken. 7.23 Consultation Zones for Hazardous Installations 7.23.1 There are a number of installations on the Island that represent a constraint on development in the vicinity because of health and safety considerations. Such installations are essential Island facilities such as the petroleum and LPG storage at Douglas Harbour. The type of constraint posed to development varies by facility and therefore there will be a need for the Department to consult with the Health and Saf ety at Work Inspectorate regarding any development within such zones.

Respect the local character and identity

pment. 8.13.2 The extent of formal open space with in settlement boundaries in the South is identified on the Proposals Map (Map 3) and Inset Maps (Maps 4-7). The Isle of Man Strategic Plan (Environment Policy 42) seeks to protect these open spaces and indicates that: 8.13.3 "Inappropriate backland development, and the removal of open or green spaces which contribute to the visual amenity and sense of place of a partic ular area will not be permitted.''

The growth of employment opportunities

Business Policy 1: The growth of employment opportunities throughout the Island will be encouraged provided that development proposals accord with the policies of this Plan. 9.1.3 This chapter concent rates on the land use implications of business activity, including industry, storage and distribution, office and commercial development, retailing and tourism. 9.1.4 In respect of employment land availability, the Department has undertaken and published an Employment Land Availability Study (1). A summary of this is included in Appendix 9. Across the Island there are some 118 hectares of land allocated for industrial development. Much of this is concentrated around Ballasalla and the Airport. There is, however, a spread of land available across the Island to support employment and regeneration opportunities in each area. Such land will be important to support the regeneration of the Service Centres and the Gateway and Employment role of the Airport area. 9.1.5 The Douglas area has seen by far the bulk of the industrial land take up in recent decades and much of the land allocated for such purposes has been taken up. This is why the Department has resolved to proceed with a Development Order for the development of some 20 hectares of employment land to the south of Cooil Road. A recent report on the take up of industrial land in the Douglas area indicates that it has been faster than anticipated and at current rates that all the land will be required by 2015. While the situation will be subject to detailed assessment in the preparation of the Plan for the East, the Department is satisfied that the release of additional land is both necessary and appropriate at this stage. 9.1.6 The Department has also reviewed planning permissions for office development. The majority of these are focused in the Douglas area. Take up has been low in recent years with the exception of certain relocations to corporate headquarters, such as Skandia. There are a number o f sites still available for new office development, in addition to the existing stock. Of note is the recent trend for sites with office consents to subsequently secure planning permission for residential use. The most notable example being the final pha se of the Villiers development, which now has a residential permission in addition to its partly - implemented office consent. 9.1.7 The following information has been extracted from the Review of Economic Strategy (Treasury 2003) which formed part of the background to the Economic Strategy 2004 approved by Tynwald in October that year. (1) Employment Land Availability Study DLGE 2007 9.1.8 The Isle of Man has enjoyed unprecedented economic success in the last ten years. Over this period annual gross domestic product, or GDP (the value of the economy' s output of all goods and services), has more than doubled in real terms (both absolute and per capita) such that from a deficit of around one quarter, per capita GDP in the Isle of Man now exceeds that of the UK by 7% and the average for the European Union (EU 15) by 10%. 9.1.9 The period 1993 - 2000 saw the economy not only expanding but doing so at an accelerating rate, before slowing in 2000/01. Since 2001 the economy has continued to grow at around 5% per annum (the latest national income accounts revealed growth of 5.9% in 2002/03), meaning that, after the recession in the early 1980's the Isle of Man economy has recorded economic growth in each of the last twenty years. 9.1.10 This economic performance has been led by the financial and related se rvices sectors. The finance industry grew by over 80% between 1996 and 2001 alone. But the table below illustrates that probably all areas of Manx economy are today generating more income in real terms than a decade ago, even it the relative importance o f some, most noticeably manufacturing, has declined. Table One - Sectoral Contributions to National Income 1992/93 v 2000/01 (at 2000/01 prices) Contributions to National Income (£) Real Increase in income generated (%) 1992/93 % 2000/01 % Manufacturing 72.0 11 76.7 6 6.5 Finance 229.7 35 505.4 41 120.0 Tourism 41.0 6 67.7 6 65.1 Agriculture/Fishing 11.7 2 15.8 1 35.0 Construction 46.7 7 89.6 7 91.9 Professional Services 96.7 15 186.1 15 92.4 Utilities, Distribution and Miscellaneous Services 133.1 20 223.8 18 68.1 Pubic Administration 34.6 5 53.6 4 54.9 Total 665.5 100 1,218.7 100 83.1 9.1.11 National income data aside, the clearest indication of the economic success enjoyed by the Island in recent times comes from the labour market. Census results show that the workforce increased from 33,189 in 1991 to 39,685 by 2001, an increase almost identical to that in the total resident population over the period. But the number seeking emp loyment but who were unemployed at the time halved from 1,360 to 635. 9.1.12 Changes in the underlying structure of the economy reflected in the national income accounts are further depicted in the Census statistics below showing the distribution of labour between the different sectors of the economy. Table Two - Employment by Sector 1991 v 1996 1991 1996 2001 No. % No. % No. % Agriculture and Fishing 1,240 3.9 938 2.8 543 1.4 Manufacturing 3,348 10.5 3,562 10.6 3,185 8.2 Construction 3,404 10.7 3,372 10.0 2,512 6.4 Utilities1 513 1.6 462 1.4 515 1.3 Transport and Communications 2,437 7.7 2,688 8.0 2,970 7.6 Wholesaling and Retailing 3,844 12.1 3,692 11.0 4,372 11.2 Finance 4,353 13.7 5,942 17.7 8,959 22.9 ICT2 n.a n.a n.a n.a 361 0.9 Professional Services 5,438 17.1 6,081 18.1 7,296 18.7 Tourist Accommodation 856 2.7 765 2.3 743 1.9 Entertainment and Catering 1,403 4.4 1,156 3.4 2,116 5.4 Miscellaneous Services 2,849 9.0 2,768 8.2 2,373 6.1 Public Administration 2,144 6.7 2,146 6.4 3,105 8.0 Total 31,829 100.0 33,5773 100.0 39,050 100.0 Notes: 1 Electricity, gas and water 2 Not separated out from other sectors until 2001 3 Includes 5 where occupation not recorded 9.2 Industry and Storage and Distribution 9.2.1 The nature of industrial activity on the Island changed very considerably during the last century. The previously dominant primary industries of fishing and agriculture now contribute only 1% to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and provide only 1.4% of our total employment, whereas manufacturing contributes 6% to the GDP and provides 8.2% of our employment, and the construction industry contributes 6% to the GDP and provides 6.4% of our employment. Storage and distribution has also become a more important activity, particularly in terms of the demands it makes on land, buildings, and access requirements. 9.2.2 Most of the Island's industry is located close to major transportation links, particularly in the case of Douglas, Braddan and Ballasalla, which all have convenient access to Ronaldsway airport and Douglas harbour. Ramsey and Peel harbours are used for the importation and exportation of large scale good s (fuel, building supplies etc). All of these are conveniently accessible to significant pools of labour. In order to minimise excessive transportation of goods and travel for employees, and to promote sustainable development, much of the Island's future industrial development should continue to be concentrated in these locations, and appropriate areas of land should be made available for such uses in the Area Plans for these parts of the Island. It will also be appropriate, when formulating Area Plans for our smaller settlements, to make provision for the continued operation of small -scale family businesses, particu

Land designated for industrial development should be appropriate to area, transport links, proximity of labour and availability of water, sewerage and other utilities

Business Policy 2: Land for industrial development should be designated in all parts of the Island, having regard to: (a) scale, which should be appropriate to the area; (b) the availability of public transport links; (c) the proximity of labour; and (d) the availability of water, sewerage and other utilities 9.2.3 Industrial buildings are defined as follows: "industrial building" means a building (other than a building in or adjacent to or belonging to a quarry or mine and other than a shop) used for the carrying on of any process, for or incidental to any of the following purposes, namely:- a) the making of any article or of part of any article; or b) the altering, repairing, ornamenting, finishing, cleaning, washing, packing or canning, or adapting for sale, or breaking up or demolition of any article; or c) without prejudice to the foregoing para graphs, the getting, dressing or treatment of minerals; being a process carried on in the course of trade or business other than agriculture, and for the purposes of this definition the expression "article" means an article of any description, including a ship or vessel. Such buildings are sub -divided into light i ndustrial, general industrial and special industrial buildings, each defined as follows: "light industrial building" means an industrial building (not being a special industrial building) in which the processes carried on or the machinery installed are s uch as could be carried on or installed in any residential area without detriment to the amenity of that area by reason of noise, vibration, smell, fumes, smoke, soot, ash, dust or grit, or undue generation of traffic or parking of vehicles; the use of lig ht industrial buildings for research and development of products or processes is permitted by the Town and Country Planning (Permitted Development) Order 2005. "general industrial building" means an industrial building other than a light industrial building or a special industrial building; "special industrial building" means an industrial building used for the carrying on of processes (including storage) which may be particularly offensive by reason of noise, smell, vibration, smoke, soot, ash, dust, g rit, or fumes, or dangerous by reason of the storage or use of dangerous or inflammable material, or inimical to public health by reason of vermin or other causes. Many I.T. and e -businesses successfully operate in the new generation of industrial buildings. At the same time many operate successfully in standard office environments or even heritage buildings. In planning terms the principal distinction is between those enterprises that manufacture physical products and require production, packaging and distribution space and those enterprises whose products, as such, do not have the same processing requirement. In most cases the former enterprises can be located in appropriate industrial estates or business parks (1) in a range of different buildings. In the latter, office type accommodation may be now appropriate. (1) Business Park is defined in Appendix 1

On land zoned for industrial use, permission will be given only for industrial development or for storage and distribution; retailing will not be permitted (excluding bulky goods)

Business Policy 5: On land zoned for industrial use, permission will be given only for industrial development or for storage and distribution; retailing will not be permitted except where either: (a) the items to be sold could not reasonably be sold from a town centre location because of their size or nature; or (b) the items to be sold are produced on the site and their sale could not reasonably be severed from the overall business; and, in respect of (a) or (b), where it can be demonstrated that the sales would not detract from the vitality and viabil ity of the appropriate town centre shopping area. 9.2.7 Where industrial development is proposed, it is essential that all parking and manoeuvring by vehicles which will be generated by the use of the site can be accommodated within the site and off the highway. This is particularly important within industrial estates where lack of parking and manoeuvring space can create significant difficulties for other estate users, particularly where the use of large and articulated vehicles is involved. Where mezzani ne levels are proposed after a building has been completed, the Department may require more parking space to accommodate the additional traffic which would be generated. The standards of parking provision which will be required are set out in Appendix 7. 9.2.8 Local requirements for industrial development of a particular sort will be identified during the preparation of Area Plans. The Department is aware that, within some parts of the Island, there is a demand for small "starter units".

Fire Fighting provisions

Community Policy 10: Proposals for the layout and development of land will be permitted only where there is provided proper access for fire -fighting vehicles and adequate supplies of water for fire-fighting purposes. 10.13.3 Fire prevention can be improved via the development control processes, and the Department has for many years welcomed input to these processes from the Fire Safety Department. Accordingly,

located close to existing public transport facilities and routes

Transport Policy 1: New development should, where possible, be located close to existing public transport facilities and routes, including pedestrian, cycle and rail routes.

Provision for new links

Transport Policy 2: The layout of development should, where appropriate, make provision for new bus, pedestrian and cycle routes, including linking into existing systems. 11.2.5 The Island is fortunate to have an historic vintage rail network, which includes the Isle of Man Steam Railway, the Manx Electric Railway, the Snaefell Mountain Railway, the Groudle Glen Railway and the horse trams which run along Douglas Promenade. Development on or around the rail network should not compromise its attraction as a tourism and leisure facility or the potential for increased use as a public transport system, for examp le as a means of travelling to work. 11.2.6 In addition to the present rail network there exist former railway routes, most notably between Douglas and Peel and from Peel to Ramsey. These trackbeds are predominantly utilised as public footpaths and in som e cases as cycleways as well. A number have been designated utility service corridors which may affect their potential as public transport routes. They should be protected from development which would diminish their attraction or potential as public transport routes.

Highway Safety

Transport Policy 4: The new and existing highways which serve any n ew development must be designed so as to be capable of accommodating the vehicle and pedestrian journeys generated by that development in a safe and appropriate manner, and in accordance with the environmental objectives of this plan. 11.3.2 Notwithstanding policies within this plan which encourage travel by means other than private car it is anticipated that the number of vehicles using the Island's roads will continue to increase. This increase in demand is likely to lead to a greater need for road impro vements in order that travel can take place in a safe, effective, and environmentally acceptable manner. The Department of Transport will continue to assess the need for such improvements to public highways and undertake works where appropriate, with much of the improvement within existing roads carried out under the provisions of the Town and Country Planning (Permitted Development) Order2005. The need for improvements to the Island's highway network must be balanced against the environmental objectives of this plan.

Equal weight for vehicles and pedestrians

Transport Policy 6: In the design of new development and transport facilities the needs of pedestrians will be given similar weight to the needs of other road users. 11.5. Car Parking 11.5.1 The level of car parking provided in new development is critical to creating more sustainable development. Too little and the traffic generated can create problems on adjacent streets. Too much can increase congestion and delay public transport. The problem is most severe in existing settlements and at its worst in the Douglas area. 11.5.2 In respect of town centre office development, it has been the Department's usual practice to require the provision of one parking space per 50sq metres of nett office floor space, such parking spaces to be provided preferably on site but otherwise conveniently close to the site. The standard of 1 space per 50sq metres is based on: 1/3 staff walking or cycling: 1/3 travelling by public transport and 1/3 by private car. This provision is very often rather less than the demand created by the development. In the case of office developments outside of the town centre, the requirement is usually one parking space per 15sq metres of nett office floor space, a ratio which reflects more accurately the actual demand for parking space arising from the office use. The Douglas Local Plan did in fact invite consideration of other options whereby either the requirement should be increased such as to meet fully the demand for parking space, or the requirement should be reduced so that, with proper enforcement of on-street parking restrictions, fewer workers would come into town by car. 11.5.3 The long term target is to reduce the level of car parking required for town centre developments and seek to develop more sustainable staff and visitor transport plans including improved public transport, staff buses, shared and pooled cars, cycling and walking. Consideration should be given to the provision of cycle parking for staff and customers in non -residential development and to the provision of secure cycle stores in apartments. In the shorter term, the Department proposes the following general policy in respect of parking provision.

Parking Provisions

Transport Policy 7: The Department will require that in all new development, parking provision must be in accordance with the Department's current standards. The current standards are set out in Appendix 7. 11.5.4 New development can have a significant impact in terms of the traffic generated by it and the impact on the various modes of travel. The Department considers that proposals which are likely to be significant traffic generators should be accompanied by a Transport Assessment(1) which should look at all modes of transport including access by public transport, cycling and on foot.

Requirements for Transport Assessments

Transport Policy 8: The Department will require all applications for major development to be accompanied by a Transport Assessment. 11.6 Airports and Airfields 11.6.1 Whilst it is acknowledged that airport development in general will be necessary in order to serve the economic and recreational needs of the Island, such need should be balanced against the environmental consequences that development may have, in particular visual, traffic, and noise impacts. 11.6.2 The aim of the Department of Transport Airports Division is "to ensure that sufficient operating capacity is provided to meet present and anticipated demand, so that the travelling public have the facilities and service they require." The Ronaldsway Airport Master Plan published by the Department of Transport in April 2000 anticipates that the Airp ort will require increasing levels of space in order to satisfy a projected Island economic growth rate of 4% p.a. and to operate efficiently in the future. The Master Plan indicates that space is likely to be required for uses such as hangar/engineering development, apron extension, and car parking. In 2006, planning permission was granted for Runway End Safety Areas (RESA)/runway extension and, at the time of writing, was the subject of an appeal. The Department of Transport updated the Airport Master Pl an in 2006. This indicates that any new or extended facilities required by growth in air traffic and/or passenger numbers for the low and high forecasts including in the Master Plan can be accommodated within the existing perimeter of the airport. Accord ingly, while the Spatial Strategy identifies the Gateway role of the Airport there do not appear to be any strategic land use implications from the Master Plan. The recent announcement by the Department of Transport to provide a by-pass to the East of Bal lasalla will resolve current problems within the village; improve access to the Airport from Douglas; and address any traffic generated by growth in the use of the airport. 11.6.3 The operation of the Airport in a safe and efficient manner also depends u pon the safeguarding of approach and departure routes to ensure that new development does not represent an undue risk to air travellers or those on the ground. Policies and guidance in respect of the location, size, and form of new development in the vicin ity of Ronaldsway Airport should be included in the area plan covering Castletown and Malew. Associated with the principal Runway 08, extending south -west over Castletown is the Public Safety Zone (PSZ). While the area covered by the PSZ has been reduced twice in the past 20 years in response to increased aviation safety it remains the case that this is the area within which there is statistically a higher risk of an aircraft accident. It is therefore proper practice that, within the PSZ, planning permiss ion should not be granted for any development proposal which is likely to increase significantly the number of persons residing, working, or congregating within the zone. The DoT (Airports Division) should be consulted in relation to development in this ar ea. This area will be incorporated into the new Area Plan for the South. 11.6.4 Jurby Airfield is vested in the Department of Transport but is not licensed, with responsibility for the co -ordination of all activities - whether or not aviation -related - delegated to the Department of Tourism and Leisure. Whilst aviation activity at the airfield is generally limited (1) Transport Assessment is defined in Appendix 1 to lightweight aircraft and occasional military and display uses and there is no current plan to develop Jurby Airfield for other aviation purpo ses, it is the Department of Transport's policy to continue to safeguard the main runway for future emergency and general aviation use only. Andreas Airfield is private and unregistered. It is used for general aviation and by a flying club and as an emer gency landing strip when Ronaldsway is fogbound. Future growth of aviation may require other aviation sites. Should this prove to be the case they will need to be assessed against the environmental policies of the Plan. Any other airfields on the Island are privately owned and unlicensed, and whilst they may not be subject to formal safeguarding requirements the impact of new development on the use of such facilities should be carefully considered.